| English | Translation | English |
|---|---|---|
Present | wakatlaʔswiyó | I am lucky |
Past | wakatlaʔswiyo·hné· | I was lucky |
Future | ʌwakatlaʔswiyóhakeʔ | I will be lucky |
Conditional (Indefinite Future) | a·ukwatlaʔswiyóhakeʔ | I might be lucky |
Command | satlaʔswiyóhak | Be lucky! |
| English | Translation | English |
|---|---|---|
Habitual | kekhu·níhe̲ʔ | I cook |
Habitual Past | kekhu·níhahkweʔ | I used to cook |
Habitual Future | ʌkekhu·níhekeʔ | I will keep on cooking |
Definite Past | waʔkekhu·ní̲· | I cooked |
Indefinite Future | akekhu·ní̲· | I might cook |
Definite Future | ʌkekhu·ní̲· | I will cook |
Perfective | wakekhuní | I have cooked |
Progressive | wakekhuniháti | I am going along cooking |
Perfective Past | wakekhuni·hné· | I had cooked |
Perfective Indefinite | a·ukkhuni·keʔ | I should have cooked |
Command | sekhú·ni̲ʔ | Cook! |
| English | Translation | English |
|---|---|---|
Habitual | thó niya·wʌ́·seʔ | That is what happens It's the way it happens |
Definite | thó naʔa·wʌ́neʔ | That happened |
Indefinite | thó naya·wʌ́neʔ | That would happen |
Future | thó nʌya·wʌ́neʔ | That will happen |
Perfective | thó niyawʌ́·u | That has happened |
Progressive Stative | thó niyawʌʔuháti | That is happening now |
Command | thó niʔya·wʌ́n | Let it happen |
| English | Translation | English |
|---|---|---|
Habitual Stative | thó nikatyélhaʔ | That is what I do That is what I am doing now |
Definite Past | thó naʔkátyeleʔ | That is what I did |
Indefinite Future | thó nakátyeleʔ | That is what I would do |
Definite Future | thó nʌkátyeleʔ | That is what I will do |
Perfective | thó niwakatyelʌ́ | That is what I have done That is what I'm doing right now |
Progressive Stative | thó niwakatyelʌhátiʔ | That is what I am going along doing right now |
Command | thó nahsátyel | Do that! |
| Tense | Prepronominal | Colours | Ending | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Command tsiʔ nahsátyel | red blue purple | root | ||
Habitual tsiʔ nikatyélhaʔ | red blue purple | root | habitual ending | |
Definite naʔkátyele̲ʔ | waʔ wa we | red blue purple | root | punctual ending |
Indefinite nakátyele̲ʔ | a ae | red blue purple | root | punctual ending |
Future nʌkátyele̲ʔ | ʌ | red blue purple | root | punctual ending |
Perfective niwakátyele̲ʔ | blue purple | root | perfective ending |
| Tense | Description | Negation |
|---|---|---|
Command tsiʔ nahsátyel Cook! | Used to tell someone to do something right now. | Tákʌʔ ʌsekhuni Don't cook! |
Habitual tsiʔ nikatyélhaʔ I cook | Describes events that happen regularly, whether once an hour or once a year. There is an expectation that the event will occur again. Describes "what people do" or "what they are." Sometimes describes actions that are happening right now. | Yáh teʔkekhu·níheʔ I do not cook |
Definite naʔkátyele̲ʔ I cooked | Describes a completed event (verbs that end in -ed in English) Describes an event in which someone is en route or going to do something | Yáh teʔwakekhu·ní· I did not cook |
Indefinite nakátyele̲ʔ I might cook | Describes an event that might or could happen in the future Describes an event that might or could have happened in the past | Yáh thakekhu·ní· I will not cook |
Future nʌkátyele̲ʔ I will cook | Describes an event that likely will occur in the future | Yáh thakekhu·ní· I might not cook |
Perfective niwakátyele̲ʔ I have cooked | Describes one (or many) events that have been completed, either recently or long ago Describes a change that has occurred Describes an event that is happening right now | Yáh teʔwakekhu·ní· I have not cooked |
t/te prefix.t prefix.ni prefix.te prefix.| 1 | Yáh teʔwakekhuní nuʔú·waʔ, yáh náhteʔ teʔkatyélha̲ʔ |
| 2 | Tá·t akenho·tú·, ʌhsatatewyʌnʌ·táneʔ kʌ́ |
| 4 | Waʔtkatohtálhoʔ né· tshahutyaʔtóhale̲ʔ |
| 5 | Wahʌ́·luʔ kʌ́ tʌhya·túte̲ʔ |
| 6 | Waʔakyatslu·ní· né· ayukniyo·tʌ́· átste̲ʔ |
| 7 | Yáh tehakhlolí kánke tshahoyo·té̲· |
| 8 | Wahshakotiyaʔtakénhaʔ akutinhotu·kóˍ |
| 9 | Waʔakwatkáhthoʔ né· shakoyoʔokúha tsiʔ nahútyele̲ |
| 10 | Yáh tehuwayaʔtakénhʌ ahatatlihunyʌ·ní |
| 11 | Thó naʔa·wʌ́neʔ tshaʔokʌ·nóle̲ʔ |
| 13 | Ahatisletóhaleʔ kaló· tsiʔ niyo·lé ʌyokʌ·nóle̲ʔ |
| 14 | Satahúhsatat tsiʔ náhteʔ yu·tú·he̲ |
| 15 | Knú·wehseʔ kʌs akatló·loke nʌ wataʔklókwas |
| 1 | We (you and I) should wake up and get ready before noon. |
| 2 | Do you ever get tired of taking a bath? |
| 3 | He says that she didn’t begin it. |
| 4 | They (females) won’t say when they studied. |
| 5 | It has snowed every day but it won’t happen tomorrow. |
| 6 | We (they & I) got tired but we didn’t sleep. |
| 7 | They can’t help you now, they’re taking a break. |
| 8 | She can’t cook now because she’s not up. |
| 9 | Why didn’t you open the door? Weren’t you dressed? |
| 10 | They didn’t do anything when they (Ms) woke up. |
| 11 | You didn’t ask me, you just told me. |
| 12 | The dog won’t eat when it rains. |
| 13 | Listen you two, I want you to get up right now. |
| 14 | We (all of you and I) should take a break when we get tired. |
| 15 | I would have tidied up, but I was too tired. |